Job destruction and creation: Labor reallocation entailed by the clean air action in China
利用2005-2019年城市和上市公司数据，研究发现中国清洁空气行动（2013-2017）显著降低了受规制地区和企业的劳动力需求，但通过时间、行业和企业的差异化影响，促进了劳动力重新配置，对政策制定者和企业管理者有参考价值。
Understanding the mechanism of labor reallocation during the implementation of environmental regulations is important for countries to stabilize employment. Using city-level data and listed firm-level data from 2005 to 2019, we investigated the labor reallocation entailed by the Clean Air Action (CAA) from 2013 to 2017 in China, and found that the CAA substantially reduced labor demand in regulated cities and listed firms. Notably, the CAA has entailed different levels of job destruction and job creation across time, industries , and firm types, boosting labor reallocation. Firstly, the effect of the CAA on labor demand was time-varying, as labor demand first decreased and then recovered from 2013 to 2019. Secondly, the CAA generated a greater job destruction in polluting industries and their downstream industries, and job creation in clean industries. Lastly, thanks to the CAA firms have increased the hiring of highly skilled workers, although equipment upgrades have reduced labor demand, especially in polluting firms.