Infrastructure Costs
研究了美国州际公路系统每英里实际支出随时间的变化，发现从1960年代到1980年代每英里支出增长了三倍多，且收入、房价和公民参与是主要驱动因素。
Despite infrastructure's importance to the US economy, evidence on its cost trajectory over time is sparse. We document real spending per new mile over the history of the Interstate Highway System. We find that spending per mile increased more than threefold from the 1960s to the 1980s. This increase persists even conditional on pre-existing observable geographic cost determinants. We then provide suggestive evidence on why. Input prices explain little of the increase. Statistically, changes in income and housing prices explain about half of the increase. We find suggestive evidence that the rise of “citizen voice” in government decision-making increased spending per mile.