Land Misallocation and Productivity
利用马拉维农户数据测算农业全要素生产率，发现土地和资本与生产率无关，表明存在严重要素错配；重新配置可使农业产出提高1.7至2.8倍，且通过租赁市场实现高效配置能显著减少收入不平等和贫困。
Using detailed household-level data from Malawi on physical quantities of agricultural outputs and inputs, we measure farm total factor productivity (TFP), controlling for land quality, rain, and transitory shocks. We find that operated land size and capital are essentially unrelated to farm TFP, implying substantial factor misallocation. The agricultural output gain from a reallocation of factors to their efficient use among existing farmers is a factor between 1.7- and 2.8-fold. We provide suggestive evidence connecting misallocation with the extent of land markets and illustrate how an efficient allocation via rental markets can substantially reduce agricultural income inequality and poverty.