She Still Works Hard for the Money: Composers, Precarious Work, and the Gender Pay Gap
研究音乐作曲家的性别薪酬差距，发现作曲收入无性别差异，但女性在补贴创作的其他工作上收入更低，且种族因素加剧了这种不平等。
Music composers exemplify precarious work: they historically have been freelancers and have relied on multiple jobs to subsidize their creative work. We focus here on the gender pay gap amidst such precariousness—heeding their income earned solely from composition and from the totality of jobs recently held. There is no gender pay gap when it comes to income earned from composition but there is a significant gap for income earned from all jobs, showing that women composers face relative disadvantage in subsidizing their creative work. We also find that men and women composers experience different and racialized returns to their capitals and career positioning when navigating precarious work. These findings have lessons for multiple literatures—including those on the new sociology of work and on creative careers.