Employment Vulnerability and Earnings in Kyrgyzstan
基于2010-2013年和2016年面板数据，研究发现就业脆弱性对收入有负面影响，且女性受影响更严重，提示政策应关注改善工作条件和扩大女性就业机会。
Employment vulnerability is considered as working under inadequate conditions. This research examined the impact of employment vulnerability on earnings with special reference to gender-based differences. Analyses were based on panel data for 2010–2013 and 2016 from the household survey. A panel data fixed-effects model with instrumental variable within the Lewbel (Citation2012) method was applied to estimate an earnings equation. Results indicates negative impact of employment vulnerability on earnings. Women experienced this negative effect more severely. Given these empirical findings, government labour-market policy should not focus on increasing employment alone, but should also address the issue of vulnerability of employment, improvement of working conditions, and expanding employment opportunities for women.