Antecedents of circular manufacturing and its effect on environmental and financial performance: A practice-based view
研究基于实践视角，提出循环制造的概念模型，分析其前因（循环文化、综合管理体系）和绩效结果，并检验工业4.0技术的调节作用。基于255家中国制造企业调查和两个案例，发现循环文化和管理体系能促进循环制造实施，进而改善环境与财务绩效，但工业4.0技术未增强该影响。
Despite the worldwide recognition of the Circular Economy (CE) philosophy, its comprehensive adoption in manufacturing is not well understood in literature and practice. This study theorizes circular manufacturing (CM) by extending the cleaner production concept according to the design thinking of CE. Drawing on the practice-based view, it develops a conceptual model on the antecedents and performance outcomes of CM and the moderating role of Industry 4.0 (I4.0) production technologies on CM-to-environmental and financial performance relationships. The research adopts a mixed-methods approach to examine the hypothesized relationships. Survey data from 255 Chinese manufacturers are analyzed using structural equation modeling and hierarchical regression. Two qualitative case studies verify the survey findings and offer additional insights. The findings suggest that by strengthening a CE culture and integrated management systems, firms can improve CM implementation and consequently environmental and financial performance. However, investing in I4.0 production technologies may not enhance the impact. Our research contributes to the literature by conceptualizing and operationalizing CM as a new construct. It also provides guidelines for implementing CE in manufacturing.