Unpacking Errors in Organizations as Processes: Integrating Organizational Research and Operations Management Literature
系统分析组织科学与运营管理文献，提出将错误视为随时间演变的级联过程的新视角，围绕错误预防与管理的时序关系、错误涌现与累积模式、动态错误均衡三个主题展开，为研究者提供整合框架。
Error research in organizational science (OS) and operations management (OM) has increased in volume, scope, and theoretical and methodological sophistication. Missing from these knowledge advancements are an explicit focus and an integrative framework capturing dynamic processes of errors. Most notably, many extant OS studies are rooted in a static error-as-event perspective without incorporating OM insights on dynamic patterns of errors. We therefore provide a systematic analysis of both OS and OM literatures and offer an error-as-process perspective that sees errors as a cascade (or chain) of emergent triggers, adaptive activities, and social interactions that develop, change, and travel through organizational systems over time. We organize our review around three themes that undergird error phenomena research: (1) the temporal relationship between error prevention (that happens before errors occur) and error management (that arises after errors occur), (2) temporal patterns of error emergence, cumulation, and movement cross work flows; and (3) the dynamic error equilibrium that is characterized by error-amplifying or error-corrective feedback loops. We then mark four pathways toward an integrative view of error-as-process to reposition and broaden error research. Finally, we close with suggestions to understand and study errors as dynamic processes in a more substantial way.