Reference Dependence and Attribution Bias: Evidence from Real-Effort Experiments
通过真实努力实验发现，人们会错误地将意外惊喜或失望归因于任务本身的辛苦程度，从而影响后续工作意愿。
We document a form of attribution bias wherein people wrongly ascribe sensations of positive or negative surprise to the underlying disutility of a real-effort task. Participants in our experiments learned from experience about two unfamiliar tasks, one more onerous than the other. We manipulated expectations about which task they would face: some participants were assigned their task by chance, while others knew their assignment in advance. Hours later, we elicited willingness to work again on that same task. Participants assigned the less (more) onerous task by chance were more (less) willing to work than those who knew their assignment in advance.