Surviving Racism and Sexism: What Votes in the Television Program Survivor Reveal About Discrimination
研究分析了《幸存者》节目40季731名参赛者的投票模式，发现女性和有色人种更易被首先投票淘汰，且更难进入个人赛阶段，表明存在系统性种族和性别偏见。
We examined whether there is evidence for racial and gender bias in the voting patterns of contestants on Survivor, a reality-television zero-sum game in which contestants compete for up to 39 days to win $1 million. Among 731 contestants across 40 seasons, we found evidence of racial and gender bias at multiple stages of Survivor. Compared with men, women were more likely to be voted out of their tribe first and were less likely to make it to the individual-competition stage of the game (i.e., the “merge”). They were also less likely to win Survivor. Black, Indigenous, and people of color (BIPOC) contestants, compared with White contestants, were more likely to be voted out of their tribe first and were less likely to make it to the individual-competition stage of the game. These findings suggest a systemic bias in favor of White men and against women of color.