The highly educated live longer: The role of time preference, cognitive ability, and educational plans
基于瑞典1953年出生队列数据，研究发现每多一年教育可降低17%的早逝风险，且控制认知能力、时间偏好等因素后教育对健康的影响依然稳健。
Using Swedish data on a cohort born in 1953, interviewed in 1966 (age 13), and followed with register data until 2018 (age 65), this study shows that one more year of schooling predicts a 17% lower risk of early mortality. Addressing concerns of potential selection bias, the mortality inequality by educational attainment persists when extensive controls are included in the regression. Adding information on background health, gender, socioeconomic variables, as well as adolescents' early educational plans, cognitive ability, and time preferences, only result in a 2-percentage point change in the mortality risk by years of education. Even when adolescents' applications to upper-secondary school and years 6 and 9 grades are controlled for, completion of upper-secondary and university education remain strong predictors of future health. Yet, the study also finds that the measure of future health matters for the stability of the results.