The heterogeneous impact of stricter criteria for disability insurance
研究了2006年荷兰残疾保险改革对参保者就业、收入及福利替代的异质性影响，发现改革整体减少了残疾保险领取，但老年、女性、临时工等弱势群体未能弥补福利损失。
The Netherlands reformed its disability insurance (DI) scheme in 2006. Eligibility for DI became stricter, reintegration incentives became stronger, and DI benefits often became less generous. Based on administrative data on all individuals who reported sick shortly before and after the reform, difference-in-differences regressions show that the reform reduced DI receipt by 5.2 percentage points and increased labor participation and unemployment insurance (UI) receipt by 1.2 and 1.1 percentage points, respectively. It increased average monthly earnings and UI claims to overcompensate lost DI benefits. However, older individuals, women, individuals with temporary contracts, the unemployed, and low-wage earners did not compensate or compensated to a much smaller extent for the lost DI benefits. The effects are persistent during the 10 years after the reform.