Quantifying land-use regulation and its determinants
基于瑞士市政调查构建住宅开发严格度指数，分析土地使用监管的决定因素，发现历史建筑密度、自然禀赋、社会人口因素、文化差异和市政竞争是重要因素，但仍有大量变异未被解释，且更严格的监管与房价上涨和城市蔓延减少相关。
Abstract We analyze land-use regulation and the determinants thereof across Swiss municipalities. We construct several residential development stringency indices based on a comprehensive survey. These indices capture various aspects of local regulation and land-use coordination across jurisdictions. Combining these indices, we construct an index that provides harmonized information about what local regulation entails and the local regulatory environment across municipalities. Our analysis shows that historical building density, natural amenities, socio-demographic factors, cultural aspects and municipal competition are important determinants of local land-use regulation. However, a large share of land-use regulation variation remains unexplained. Moreover, our results indicate that more stringent land-use regulation is associated with steeper house price increases but less urban sprawl.