Exporting, Wage Profiles, and Human Capital: Evidence from Brazil
利用巴西制造业数据，发现出口企业的工人工资随经验增长更快，尤其对高收入目的地出口的企业；人力资本积累解释了出口与非出口企业工资曲线差异的一半，并贡献了贸易开放带来的一半实际收入增长。
Abstract Export activity shapes workers’ experience-wage profiles. Using employer-employee and customs data for Brazilian manufacturing, we document that workers’ experience-wage profiles are steeper at exporters than at non-exporters and, among exporters, steeper at exporters shipping to high-income destinations. We develop and quantify a model featuring worker-firm wage bargaining, export-market entry by multi-worker firms, and human capital accumulation by workers to interpret the data. Human capital growth can explain one-half of the differences in wage profiles between exporters and non-exporters. We show that increased human capital per worker can account for one-half of the overall gains in real income from trade openness.