No Pain, No Gain: Work Demand, Work Effort, and Worker Health
利用丹麦工人-企业数据，研究发现企业销售增长导致工人工作时间延长，并增加压力、抑郁、心脏病和中风风险，尤其对老年工人等高风险群体影响更大。工人因患病率上升造成的福利损失约占其收入增长的四分之一。
Abstract We employ Danish worker-firm data to study the effect of rising workload on health. Using both within-job-spell regression analyses and cohort event studies, we show that increases in firm sales lead workers to log longer hours and experience higher probabilities of stress, depression, heart disease, and strokes, with more pronounced effects for high-risk groups such as older workers, job-strained workers, and those with long initial work hours. We calculate that the average worker's ex ante welfare loss due to higher sickness rates accounts for nearly one-quarter of her earnings gains from rising firm sales.