Follow and spread the word: the effects of avatars and message framing in promoting fact checking posts on social media
通过两项实验，研究了在社交媒体上使用头像和不同消息框架（收益/损失/中性）如何影响用户对事实核查帖子的信任、态度和行为意图，发现中性表情头像和损失框架与愤怒表情的匹配能有效促进用户信任和分享意愿。
Purpose Fact-checking is a process of seeking and displaying facts to confirm or counter uncertain information, which reduces the spread of fake news. However, little is known about how to promote fact-checking posts to online users on social media. Through uncertainty reduction theory and message framing, this first study examines the effect of fact-checking posts on social media with an avatar on online users' trust, attitudes, and behavioral intentions. The authors further investigate the congruency effects between promotional message framing (gain/loss/neutral) and facial expressions of the avatar (happy/angry/neutral) on online users' trust, attitudes, and behavioral intentions in the second study. Design/methodology/approach The authors conducted two studies and statistically analyzed 120 samples (study 1) and 519 samples (study 2) from Facebook users. Findings Results showed that including the neutral facial expression avatar in fact-checking posts leads to online users' greater trust and more positive attitudes. Furthermore, the congruency effects between loss message framing and the angry facial expression of the avatar can effectively promote online users' trust and attitudes as well as stronger intentions to follow and share. Originality/value This study offers theoretical implications for fact-checking studies, and practical implications for online fact-checkers to apply these findings to design effective fact-checking posts and spread the veracity of information on social media.