Mixed-Response State-Space Model for Analyzing Multi-Dimensional Digital Phenotypes
针对数字表型数据中混杂因素和变异来源多的问题，提出混合响应状态空间模型，联合捕捉多维数字表型及其测量过程，用于帕金森病移动健康研究中的动态健康状态和个性化治疗效果分析。
Digital technologies (e.g., mobile phones) can be used to obtain objective, frequent, and real-world digital phenotypes from individuals. However, modeling these data poses substantial challenges since observational data are subject to confounding and various sources of variabilities. For example, signals on patients' underlying health status and treatment effects are mixed with variation due to the living environment and measurement noises. The digital phenotype data thus shows extensive variabilities between- and within-patient as well as across different health domains (e.g., motor, cognitive, and speaking). Motivated by a mobile health study of Parkinson's disease (PD), we develop a mixed-response state-space (MRSS) model to jointly capture multi-dimensional, multi-modal digital phenotypes and their measurement processes by a finite number of latent state time series. These latent states reflect the dynamic health status and personalized time-varying treatment effects and can be used to adjust for informative measurements. For computation, we use the Kalman filter for Gaussian phenotypes and importance sampling with Laplace approximation for non-Gaussian phenotypes. We conduct comprehensive simulation studies and demonstrate the advantage of MRSS in modeling a mobile health study that remotely collects real-time digital phenotypes from PD patients.