Visible hands: How gig companies shape workers' exposure to market risk
基于对网约车司机的访谈和调查数据，研究发现平台公司通过游戏化奖励系统调节工人对市场风险的暴露，从而阻止工人转向竞争对手。
Abstract How do gig platforms prevent workers from defecting to a competitor? Drawing on 40 original interviews and survey data from 210 ride‐hail drivers, the author finds that platform companies calibrate workers' exposure to market risk using gamified reward systems. These rewards protect compliant workers from changes in market conditions, raising the costs of accepting work from a competitor. Yet those who do not comply are “pushed” to the periphery, increasing their market risk. This article illustrates how platform companies can use their “visible hands” to harness and control market forces, shaping worker behavior within and across platforms.