Are SRI funds financing carbon emissions? An input-output life cycle assessment of investment funds
本研究开发了投入产出生命周期评估方法，估算1340只欧洲社会责任和传统股票基金的温室气体排放，发现包含间接排放后，社会责任基金的碳暴露并不低于传统基金。
Indirect greenhouse gas (GHG) emissions (scope 3) generally represent more than half of the total life cycle impact attributable to a company or an investment. However, widely used sustainability assessment tools for investment funds fail to take these into account. Building on best practices from the industrial ecology field, we develop an input-output life cycle assessment (IOLCA) methodology to estimate life cycle GHG emissions of companies and investment funds. We apply our method to a sample of 1340 sustainable (SRI) and conventional equity funds domiciled in Europe and their 11,275 unique holdings. We extend our application to a case study of funds self-classified as Article 8 and Article 9 funds under the recent European Sustainable Finance Disclosure Regulation (SFDR, 2019). Our model estimates life cycle emissions for 94% of the companies held – compared to 17% coverage in the Carbon Disclosure Project (CDP). When including scope 3, the exposure to GHG emissions of both SRI and conventional funds is two to three times larger than when considering only direct impacts from holdings' operations. Finally, 24% of the sampled Europe-domiciled SRI funds are more exposed to life cycle carbon emissions than the ETF tracking the conventional market index MSCI Europe.