Disruption and the ecosystem: The changing roles of ecosystem stakeholders in the course of disruption
本文聚焦在位企业及其生态系统，通过广告业数字化颠覆的两个案例，提出一个过程性阶段模型，描述生态系统利益相关者在颠覆不同阶段扮演的安抚、质疑、失衡和稳定四种角色，为理解企业如何在颠覆中生存提供新视角。
Digital disruption in the form of new business models may include changes to the ecosystem of a firm. This paper defines the ecosystem as external stakeholders interdependent on a focal firm, and shows how such stakeholders play different roles as disruption unfolds. Focusing on incumbent firms and their ecosystems, this paper describes and categorizes the role of ecosystem stakeholders across various stages of disruption. Two cases on the disruption caused by digitalization in the advertising sector are analyzed. A processual ecosystem stage model is developed including the following roles: reassuring, questioning, unbalancing, and settling. These roles point at the reliance on past stakeholders during disruption, and show how new stakeholders come into play. Most disruption research has focused on how new actors replace incumbent firms or the sector-level disorder. The ecosystem lens centered on an incumbent brings a fresh perspective on such firms' efforts to survive and shows how interdependencies in the ecosystem play out when disruption takes place. The processual stage model, which delineates the different roles of ecosystem stakeholders during a disruption, offers valuable new insights to the existing disruption literature.