Measuring the Quadruple Helix in social media: A case study of university–industry collaboration
针对四螺旋模型缺乏可靠测量的问题，提出利用社交媒体数据和主题建模、网络分析方法，以芬兰TIA项目为例，发现社交媒体能反映知识集群但未能改善集群间互动。
Despite the increasing popularity of the Quadruple Helix model in innovation studies, the model has suffered from a lack of robust measurements. This article contributes by proposing new measurements and social media data as the new empirical source of evaluation. We argue that social media data contain ample evidence of interactions within and across the Quadruple Helix and propose measurements using topic modelling and network analysis, well-established methods in the literature. We focused on a specific funding program, Tandem Industry–Academia (TIA), launched by the Finnish Research Impact Foundation in 2020. Based on Twitter data, we found a growing tendency for diversified public discourse and knowledge clusters. However, TIA did not improve inter-cluster interactions, a necessary condition for co-evolution. Our empirical case study suggests using social media data as complementary sources of the Quadruple Helix in the digital era.