Do creative industries enhance employment growth? Regional evidence from Colombia
研究了哥伦比亚2008-2017年创意产业的集聚模式，发现其与非创意服务业就业正相关，但因果分析表明创意产业就业增长并未显著带动其他行业就业。
Do creative industries have positive spillovers for the local economy in middle-income countries? While in high-income countries several studies have shown that creative industries are highly innovative and productive, positively impacting the local economy, the evidence is scarce for middle-income countries. Using employment data, we studied the agglomeration patterns of creative industries in Colombia between 2008 and 2017. We found a positive relationship between creative industries’ agglomeration and employment in non-creative services industries. However, using a shift–share instrumental variable approach, we found no significant causality of an increase in creative industries’ employment on employment growth in other industries.