A framework for the analysis of emergent visual systems
提出一个四步框架，用于分析组织中员工自组织形成的视觉系统，并通过重症监护室案例识别出20组视觉设备和6个视觉系统，帮助发现隐藏的交互模式。
Visual systems are composed of several visual devices whose interactions are not always deliberately designed but rather emerge from the self-organization of employees. Thus, these emergent interactions can be glossed over and the effectiveness of improving individual visual devices might be low. This paper addresses this gap by introducing a four-step framework for the analysis of visual systems, involving: the functional modelling of the target social-technical system; assessment of the existing visual devices; identification of emergent visual systems; and practical recommendations. The interactions between the visual devices are assumed to be mediated by the functions that use them. The framework was applied in an intensive care unit, based on interviews, questionnaires, document analysis, and observations. Twenty groups of visual devices and six visual systems were identified. Three propositions offer additional guidance for the framework application and for understanding the nature of visual systems, allowing for the analysis of emergent visual systems that otherwise can remain hidden in plain sight.