The effects of doctor strikes on patient outcomes: Evidence from the English NHS
利用2016年英国初级医生罢工中医院暴露程度的差异，发现罢工减少了择期手术量，但未影响急诊患者的平均死亡率或再入院率，不过黑人急诊患者的再入院率有所上升。
Doctor strikes cause major disruption for hospitals and patients. Past attempts to estimate impacts on patients suffer from selection issues due to changing patient composition during strikes. We address these issues by exploiting differential hospital exposure to a 2016 ‘junior’ doctor strike in England to estimate the impact of doctor strikes on patient outcomes. Using the pre-strike junior-senior doctor ratio to measure exposure, we show increased strike exposure led to larger reductions in elective volumes, but did not affect volumes, average mortality or readmission rates for emergency patients. However, greater exposure to the strike did lead to higher readmission rates for black emergency patients. This suggests that while hospitals managed to mitigate many of the negative effects of the strikes, disruptions from the strikes still had negative consequences for some minority groups.