Measuring the technological bias of robot adoption and its implications for the aggregate labor share
利用西班牙制造业企业25年面板数据，研究机器人采纳带来的希克斯中性和劳动增强型技术变革，发现这种偏向性技术变革是制造业总劳动份额下降的重要原因。
This paper investigates the technological bias of robot adoption using a rich panel data set of Spanish manufacturing firms over a 25-year period. We apply the production function estimation when productivity is multidimensional to the case of an automating technology, to reveal the Hicks-neutral and labor-augmenting technological change brought about by robot adoption within firms. Our results indicate a causal effect of robots on Hicks-neutral and labor-augmenting components of productivity. The biased technological change turns out to be an important determinant of the decline in the aggregate share of labor in the Spanish manufacturing sector.