Dust Bowl Migrants: Environmental Refugees and Economic Adaptation
研究了1930年代美国沙尘暴导致的移民，发现沙尘暴移民受教育程度低于其他移民，收入也低于目的地原住民，但对1939年平均工资收入影响不大。
The 1930s American Dust Bowl created archetypal “Dust Bowl migrants,” refugees from environmental collapse. I examine this archetype, comparing migration from more-eroded and less-eroded counties to distinguish Dust Bowl migrants from other migrants. Dust Bowl migrants were “negatively selected,” in years of education, compared to other migrants who were “positively selected.” Dust Bowl migrants had lower incomes than natives in their destinations, which is reflected in popular impressions. I estimate strikingly modest impacts of the Dust Bowl on average wage incomes in 1939, however, which contrasts with the Dust Bowl’s large and enduring impacts on agricultural land.