Before Birth: How Provisional Spaces Shape the Localized Emergence of New Organizational Forms
研究新组织形式的第一家组织从哪里来，发现临时空间（如歌剧院、廉价游乐场）通过传播创新信息、激发创业想象，促进了本地社区率先出现新形式的组织，以芝加哥电影放映场所的历史数据验证。
The literature on evolution of organizational forms has remained largely silent on where the first organizational instance of a new form comes from, treating it as either a given or an outcome of random variation. We challenge this agnostic assumption by putting the first organizational founding into a specific spatiotemporal context and revealing the role of provisional spaces, defined as small-scale, easily accessible settings where market pioneers temporarily experiment with applications of an innovation before dedicated organizations emerge. We theorize that provisional spaces disseminate necessary information about an innovation and enable potential entrepreneurs to envision a new template for organizing. Therefore, geographic communities with a higher number of provisional spaces are more likely to host the first organization embodying a new form sooner than others. Using archival data on all movie-showing venues in Chicago communities, 1896–1927, we find empirical support for our theorizing. Community variance in volume and types of provisional spaces for movie projectors, such as opera houses and penny arcades, led to community-level differences in the emergence of distinct movie theater forms: nickelodeon, movie house, and movie palace. We advance scholarship on organizational form emergence by uncovering the role of provisional spaces in shaping localized opportunity structures.