Does Unfairness Hurt Women? The Effects of Losing Unfair Competitions
通过在线实验（N=2,086）研究性别在输掉竞争后的反应差异，发现女性在感知不公平时更易气馁，而男性受影响较小。
Abstract We study gender differences in the response to losing competitions using an online experiment (N=2,086). We find that both genders reduce tournament entry rates in response to losses that are unequivocally meritocratic. However, when the winner is not necessarily determined by merit—a setting perceived as less fair than the meritocratic tournament—female losers are relatively more discouraged. These results suggest that women are more negatively affected by competitions perceived as unfair than men. Exploratory machine learning analysis indicates that risk preferences, age and sports participation in adolescence are associated with a reduced impact of losing competitions.