Towards a critical understanding of work in ecological economics: A postwork perspective
本文批判了生态经济学中关于工作的常见看法，指出工作是一种生物物理强度高、引发消费、具有矛盾健康影响的制度，主张大幅减少并重新组织工作，使其不再成为生计和社会包容的主要机制。
In this paper we critically assess common perceptions of work to inform current debates on work in ecological economics. Work is usually conceived as (1) a productive activity (2) that satisfies consumer demand, (3) is conducive to health and well-being, and (4) ensures social inclusion and personal development. Drawing on the burgeoning literature of postwork or critiques of work, we argue that work may rather be understood as a biophysically intense, consumption-causing, heteronomous institution with ambivalent health impacts that stabilises societies in environmentally and socially unsustainable ways. Therefore, work should be radically reduced and organised differently so that it is no longer the main mechanism for livelihood provisioning and social inclusion. Based on our fourfold critique of work developed in this paper, we sketch out a postwork research agenda for ecological economics.