To intervene or not to intervene: young adults’ views on when and how to intervene in online harassment
通过对8个焦点小组（67名18-25岁英国青年）的主题分析，研究了年轻人干预网络骚扰的时机和方式，发现他们更偏好匿名和间接支持受害者的微干预，并提出了针对数字旁观者的新模型。
Abstract Incidents of online harassment are increasing and can have significant consequences for victims. Witnesses (“digital bystanders”) can be crucial in identifying and challenging harassment. This study considered when and how young adults intervene online, with the aim of understanding the applicability of existing theoretical models (i.e., Bystander Intervention Model; Response Decision-Making Framework). Thematic analysis of eight focus groups (UK community sample, N = 67, 18–25 years) resulted in five themes: Noticing and Interpreting the Harassment, Perceived Responsibility for Helping, Consequences of Intervening, Perceived Ability to Make a Difference, and Deciding How to Help. The online context amplified offline preferences, such as greater preference for anonymity and perceived costs of intervention (e.g., social costs). Intervention strategies varied in visibility and effort, preferring “indirect” micro-interventions focused on supporting victims. A new, merged model specific to digital bystanders is proposed, with implications for the design and messaging on social networking sites discussed.