Improving the Organization of Knowledge in Production by Screening Problems
扩展了Garicano的最优组织模型，引入问题筛选机制，发现筛选成本低时工人直接筛选并传递问题给能解决的人，成本高时则形成层级结构，中间成本下为混合形式。
We extend Garicano’s model of optimal organizations by allowing problems to be screened. We show that when screening is as costly as solving problems, optimal organizations are hierarchies as in Garicano’s model, but when the cost of screening is small, workers screen all problems that they and the top managers cannot solve, those problems that they screen are sent directly to those who can solve them, and those problems that they neither solve nor screen are passed to the top managers. For intermediate values of the screening cost, the optimal organization is a hybrid of the above forms.