Community as Gift-Giving: Collectivistic Roots of Volunteerism
研究美国志愿主义的集体主义根源，基于对一个老移民工人阶级郊区的民族志调查，发现集体主义驱动的志愿行为具有社区嵌入性，并产生群体、社区和阶级分层效应。
Who in America volunteers what and why? And what impact does volunteering have? It is widely believed that the typical volunteer is middle-aged and middle-class and that volunteerism is rooted in American cultural individualism. Undocumented and unexplored are collectivistic roots of giving, which may have a different social base than individualistc-grounded volunteerism. Characteristics of collectivistic-rooted volunteerism, conditions under which it transpires, and group and community effects of such giving are explored here. The analysis is based on ethnographic research in a predominantly “old immigrant” working-class inner-ring suburb. Collectivistic-rooted volunteerism is shown to be community-embedded and to have group, community, and class stratifying effects.