Global learning loss in student achievement: First estimates using comparable reading scores
利用国际阅读测试数据，估计了新冠疫情导致的学生阅读成绩下降，平均损失相当于一年以上学业，且对低成就学生影响更大，可能造成全球GDP增长减少0.68个百分点。
We estimate the global impact of COVID-19 on student reading using international achievement tests. We model the effect of school closures (full and partial) on achievement by predicting the deviation of the most recent results from a linear trend using data from all rounds of PIRLS. Scores declined an average of 33 percent of a standard deviation, equivalent to more than a year of schooling. Losses are larger for students in schools that faced relatively longer closures. While there are no differences by sex, lower-achieving students experienced larger losses. The educational loss may translate to a 0.68 percentage point reduction of GDP growth for a global loss of $66 trillion.