Effects of organized screening programs on breast cancer screening, incidence, and mortality in Europe
研究利用欧洲各地区有组织的乳腺癌筛查项目数据，发现这些项目使乳腺X线检查率提高25个百分点，五年后乳腺癌发病率增加16%，十年后死亡率降低约10%。
We link data on regional Organized Screening Programs (OSPs) throughout Europe with survey data and population-based cancer registries to estimate effects of OSPs on breast cancer screening (mammography), incidence, and mortality. Identification is from regional variation in the existence and timing of OSPs, and in their age-eligibility criteria. We estimate that OSPs, on average, increase mammography by 25 percentage points, increase breast cancer incidence by 16% five years after the OSPs implementation, and reduce breast cancer mortality by about 10% ten years after.