The Effect of Classroom Rank on Learning throughout Elementary School: Experimental Evidence from Ecuador
利用厄瓜多尔的随机分班实验，研究发现班级内排名越高的学生期末成绩越好，且对低年级学生影响更大，同时提升执行功能、幸福感和教师评价。
We study the impact of classroom rank on children’s learning using a unique experiment from Ecuador. Within each school, students were randomly assigned to classrooms in every grade between kindergarten and sixth grade. Students with the same ability can have different classroom ranks because of the (random) peer composition of their classroom. Children with higher beginning-of-grade classroom rank have significantly higher test scores at the end of that grade. The impact of classroom rank is larger for younger children and grows over time. Higher classroom rank also improves executive function, child happiness, and teacher perceptions of student ability.