Institutional Inertia and Change: Explaining the Czech and Portuguese Engagement in European Defence Market Integration
通过比较捷克和葡萄牙在PESCO和EDF中的不同参与，研究国内防务工业政策制度的演变如何影响国家立场和产业参与，揭示观念在推动或阻碍政策变革中的关键作用。
Abstract The Permanent Structured Cooperation in Defence (PESCO) and the European Defence Fund (EDF) constitute another attempt to consolidate the European defence market. In this article, we explain the different engagements of Czechia and Portugal in the two initiatives until 2021 through the evolution and reform of the domestic institutions governing their defence industrial policies. We trace how the institutions were established, how they contributed to the national position on PESCO and EDF and how the two countries' defence industries became involved. The article shows how the different institutionalisation of the defence sector allowed Portugal and its companies to participate more than their Czech counterparts. We contribute to historical institutionalist scholarship by evidencing the critical role of ideas in promoting and preventing policy change. We also offer an insight into the practice of European defence co‐operation and identify processes that challenge further integration.