Female breadwinning and domestic abuse: evidence from Australia
利用澳大利亚全国调查数据，发现女性收入高于男性伴侣时，其遭受伴侣暴力和情感虐待的概率分别增加33%和20%，表明性别规范是家庭暴力的驱动因素。
Abstract We explore the relationship between heterosexual partners’ relative income and the incidence of both domestic violence and emotional abuse. Using Australian data drawn from society-wide surveys, we find women who earn more than their male partners are subject to a 33% increase in partner violence and a 20% increase in emotional abuse compared to mean levels. We show the relationship between relative spouse income and female partner abuse is best modelled by a binary variable that captures “female breadwinning.” This finding differs from those of some earlier studies that considered only serious abuse and found a continuous negative relationship between female partners’ relative income and abuse. Instead, our findings suggest a mechanism related to gender norms generating domestic violence. We find no link between relative income and abuse of male partners.