E-values as unnormalized weights in multiple testing
研究了如何结合p值和e值设计多重检验程序，发现当e值与p值独立时，e值作为权重无需归一化，可显著提升检验功效，尤其适用于元分析或单数据集场景。
Summary We study how to combine p-values and e-values, and design multiple testing procedures where both p-values and e-values are available for every hypothesis. Our results provide a new perspective on multiple testing with data-driven weights: while standard weighted multiple testing methods require the weights to deterministically add up to the number of hypotheses being tested, we show that this normalization is not required when the weights are e-values that are independent of the p-values. Such e-values can be obtained in meta-analysis where a primary dataset is used to compute p-values, and an independent secondary dataset is used to compute e-values. Going beyond meta-analysis, we showcase settings wherein independent e-values and p-values can be constructed on a single dataset itself. Our procedures can result in a substantial increase in power, especially if the nonnull hypotheses have e-values much larger than one.