Why Fixed Costs Matter for Proof-of-Work–Based Cryptocurrencies
研究了加密货币挖矿的成本结构如何影响矿工对汇率波动的反应以及基于工作量证明的账本的不可篡改性，发现比特币等依赖专用硬件的货币受汇率负面冲击影响较小，有助于防止双重支付攻击。
We assess how the cost structure of cryptocurrency mining affects the response of miners to exchange rate fluctuations and the immutability of cryptocurrency ledgers that rely on proof-of-work. We show that the amount of mining power supplied to currencies that rely on specialized hardware, such as Bitcoin, responds less to adverse exchange rate shocks than other currencies respond to such shocks, a fact that is instrumental to avoiding double-spending attacks. The results may change if mining equipment used for one cryptocurrency can be transferred to another. For smaller currencies with low exchange rate correlation, transferability eliminates the protection that fixed costs provide. Our results weaken doomsday predictions for Bitcoin and other cryptocurrencies with declining block rewards. This paper was accepted by Bruno Biais, Special Section of Management Science: Blockchains and Crypto Economics. Supplemental Material: The data files are available at https://doi.org/10.1287/mnsc.2023.4901 .