Unemployment and health: A meta‐analysis
对1990至2021年间65篇同行评审期刊中的327项研究结果进行元分析，发现失业对健康有负向但较小的平均效应，且对心理健康影响最大，长期失业比短期更严重，女性受影响较小，处理内生性的研究效应更小，健康损失随失业率上升而增加。
Abstract This paper reports a meta‐analysis of the relationship between unemployment and health. Our meta‐dataset consisted of 327 study results taken from 65 articles published in peer‐reviewed journals between 1990 and 2021. We found that publication bias is important, but only for those study results obtained by means of difference‐in‐differences or instrumental variables estimators. On average, the effect of unemployment on health is negative, but quite small in terms of partial correlation coefficients. We investigated whether the findings were heterogeneous across several research dimensions. We found that unemployment has the strongest impact on the psychological domains of health and long‐term unemployment spells are more detrimental than short‐term ones. Furthermore, women are less affected, studies dealing with endogeneity issues find smaller effects and the health penalty is increasing with unemployment rate.