Reproducing a White Elite: The Chief Officers’ ‘Club’ in the London Metropolitan Police Service
研究伦敦警察厅高级职位中黑人比例低的原因，通过访谈揭示白人高级警官如何利用‘社会网络意志’的俱乐部机制，暗中扶持符合现有领导结构的白人同僚，延续种族不平等。
This article focuses on the London Metropolitan Police Service, an organization charged with being institutionally racist. It asks why the percentage of black officers in senior positions remains so low, despite explicit formal attempts to change this situation. Rather than concentrating on the factors holding back the recruitment and promotion of black officers, the article examines how senior white officers managed their career journey. Through in-depth interviews with senior officers, the authors develop the notion of ‘social network volition’, linking to sociological literatures on race, social networks and elites in work and organizations. The agency of a ‘club’, composed of white senior officers, performs social network volition, defined as an invisible guiding hand that identifies, pursues, advises and sponsors white officers who fit the existing leadership composition. The implications of the article underline the need to make explicit the informal supports that reproduce whiteness while upholding the myth of merit.