Road End Points and City Sizes
研究了巴西铁路城镇中，作为铁路终点的时间长短对城市规模的长期影响，发现每多一年终点时间，2010年人口增加0.107对数点，且该效应可能是因果性的。
Abstract I examine the long-run effects of the timing of railroad construction on city sizes. I first present a stylized model that predicts that towns that are railroad end points for a longer period of time become persistently larger. I then show that, in a sample of Brazilian railroad towns, time as end point strongly predicts town size: each additional year that a town was a railroad end point in the past is associated with a town population 0.107 log points larger in 2010. Additional testable implications of the model and an instrumental variable approach suggest that such an association reflects a causal effect.