On the resilience of innovation systems
研究创新系统在快速技术升级中如何保持韧性，通过分析荷兰海上可再生能源系统的研发项目、行业合同和访谈，发现其安装部门韧性较强但基础部门被忽视，传统风电领域资源分配不当，而颠覆性风电技术则存在机遇。
Mission-oriented innovation policies address urgent societal challenges, often through rapid technological upscaling.However, upscaling may endanger the resilience of an innovation system by limiting variety.A resilient innovation system is ambitious in scaling up while intelligently fostering variety.To assess resilience, a country's technology portfolio needs to be contextualised against global trends.We introduce contextualised variety to uncover threats, windows of opportunity and poorly allocated resources and evaluate the maturing Dutch offshore renewable energy innovation system based on 236 R&D projects 12,000 industry contracts and 34 interviews.Our results indicate that the Netherlands invests in variety for its installation sector, bolstering resilience, while it neglects its foundations sector, indicating a threat.The Netherlands further supports a non-existent traditional wind turbine sector, suggesting poor resource allocation.However, it backs disruptive wind turbines, a window of opportunity contingent on upon concerted innovation policy.This framework demonstrates how to evaluate the resilience of any innovation system.