The Transportation Revolution and the English Coal Industry, 1695–1842: A Geographical Approach
利用1695、1795和1842年英格兰煤炭价格截面数据，推算海运、河运、运河和公路的运输费率，进而分析垄断、市场整合和区域供应模式，并计算运输生产率增长及其对生产和消费地理格局的影响。
Cross sections of coal prices in England for 1695, 1795, and 1842 are used to infer transportation rates by sea, river, canal, and road. The effectiveness of monopolies, the degree of market integration, and the patterns of regional supply of each mining district are then established. The growth rates of productivity in sea, river, and road transport from 1695–1842 are computed and combined with a social savings assessment of canals to measure the overall growth in the productivity of shipping coal. Productivity growth was substantial but had a surprisingly limited impact on the geography of production and consumption.