Human capital in Europe, 1830s–1930s: A general survey
调查了1830年代至1930年间欧洲人力资本积累的研究，指出缺乏精细空间数据阻碍了教育研究，并提供了19至20世纪初欧洲学校法案的初步分类，以及一个覆盖欧洲地区入学率和识字率的新数据集初版。
Abstract Human capital is now widely acknowledged as one of the key determinants of economic growth. Research on how human skills accumulate and evolve through time has grown rapidly in recent years. This paper surveys it with a specific focus on Europe in the period 1830s–1930s. Our contribution is threefold: First, we find that the lack of fine‐grain spatial and (at the same time) harmonized data is preventing research on some important aspects of rising education. Second, we provide a preliminary taxonomy of European school acts and reforms in the 19th and early‐20th century. Finally, we present the first version of a dataset under construction, which aims at providing spatial data covering gross enrollment rates and literacy across European regions from c. 1830 to 1930. Our preliminary results show that, in c. 1850, educational clusters appear to have often crossed national borders. By contrast, the effect of national institutions and regulations seems to have become an important determinant of schooling (and literacy) rates on the eve of the 20th century.