Barriers to social inclusion and levels of urbanisation: Does it matter where you live?
利用爱尔兰社会融入项目的行政数据，研究发现经济参与相关的社会融入障碍在独立城镇比城市和农村地区更普遍，表明现有城乡二分政策需要更精准的空间视角。
Abstract This paper investigates the occurrence and nature of barriers to social inclusion in distinct geographical settings. Utilising a unique administrative dataset from Ireland’s dominant social inclusion programme, this study examines how location impacts the occurrence of these barriersat a small-area level. Ireland’s high growth rates have raised concerns about uneven effects, making it an interesting case study for ‘left behind’ places. The findings reveal that barriers associated with social inclusion, related to economic participation, are more prevalent in ‘independent urban towns’ compared to both more urban and more rural areas, over and above area-level deprivation. This implies that existing policies, which traditionally employs a simplistic urban/rural dichotomy, lacks effective targeting, and would benefit from adopting a more precise spatial perspective.