Organizational fragmentation and service performance of municipal water districts
研究了市政供水区组织碎片化（通过专业公用事业区）及竞争对服务绩效的影响，发现竞争与服务质量正相关，但碎片化导致的密度过高和资源分配不均可能引发持续低绩效，对地方政府有重要警示。
Existing research identifies numerous organizational and contextual covariates that influence how public sector service organizations perform. In the context of drinking water provision, functional fragmentation (via specialized utility districts) and the resulting competition is often touted as a means to achieving better service results. However, fragmentation can potentially result in excessive density or disproportionate resource partitioning between water utilities, perhaps even resulting in serial underperformance. Evidence from municipal water districts shows that, while the argument for competition-service quality link appears to be valid, the concentration-service quality link and the incidences of performance path-dependencies should be of significant concern to local governments.