The Evolution of Work from Home
截至2023年中，美国20-64岁人群中有28%的带薪工作日为全天居家办公，是2019年的四倍、1990年代中期的十倍。本文解释了这一转变为何持续，并分析了居家办公率在不同人群和地区的差异及其对薪酬、生产力和创新速度的影响。
Full days worked at home account for 28 percent of paid workdays among Americans 20–64 years old, as of mid-2023. That’s about four times the 2019 rate and ten times the rate in the mid-1990s. We first explain why the big shift to work from home has endured rather than reverting to prepandemic levels. We then consider how work-from-home rates vary by worker age, sex, education, parental status, industry and local population density, and why it is higher in the United States than other countries. We also discuss some implications for pay, productivity, and the pace of innovation. Over the next five years, US business executives anticipate modest increases in work-from-home rates at their own companies. Other factors that portend an enduring shift to work from home include the ongoing adaptation of managerial practices and further advances in technologies, products, and tools that support remote work.