Endogenous learning in international environmental agreements: the impact of research spillovers and the degree of cooperation
研究了国家在不确定性下投资研究以减少气候损害的内生学习过程，分析了合作范围（研究、减排或两者）和研究溢出对联盟规模及福利的影响，发现合作应涵盖减排且研究应自由传播。
Abstract We consider an endogenous learning-by-doing process where countries can invest in research that reduces the systematic uncertainty about climate change damages. We analyse a coalition model in which countries decide whether to join a treaty and then choose their level of research and abatement. Countries can cooperate on research and abatement or only on one of these items. We consider the entire range of possible research spillovers. Cooperation on all issues and large research spillovers are generally welfare improving, but lead to smaller coalitions, as they encourage free-riding. However, on balance, in equilibrium, we find that cooperation should not be confined to research and should include abatement, and research findings should freely travel.