Immigrants and trade union membership: Does integration into society and workplace play a moderating role?
研究利用德国社会经济面板数据发现，第一代移民的工会入会率低于本地人，但工作场所设有工会委员会或与德国人有社交联系能缩小这一差距。
Abstract We hypothesize that incomplete integration into the workplace and society implies that immigrants are less likely to be union members than natives. Incomplete integration makes the usual mechanism for overcoming the collective action problem less effective. Our empirical analysis with data from the Socio‐Economic Panel confirms a unionization gap for first‐generation immigrants in Germany. Importantly, using the presence of a works council as an indicator of workplace integration and contacts with Germans as an indicator of integration into society, the analysis shows that the immigrant‐native gap in union membership is heterogeneous. The gap is smaller for immigrants working in firms with a works council and having social contacts with Germans. Our analysis also confirms that the gap is decreasing in the years since arrival in Germany.