Long-lasting effects of indoctrination in school: Evidence from the People’s Republic of Poland
利用波兰1950年代中期取消学校政治灌输教育的改革，发现减少灌输教育提高了完成中学和高等教育的概率，并在近50年后增加了劳动力参与率。
This paper studies the effect of communist indoctrination in school on labour force participation and human capital investments. Specifically, we evaluate the impact of a reform in Poland that revoked political indoctrination in school in the mid-1950s, while leaving the rest of the curriculum unchanged. To overcome endogeneity concerns, we exploit cut-off birth dates for school enrollment that lead to variation in the level of exposure to the reform. We find that less indoctrination in school improved the probability of finishing secondary and tertiary education, and increased labour force participation nearly 50 years later.